[31 Pa.B. 2669]
[Continued from previous Web Page]
Subchapter E. ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGEMENTS IN SPECIAL ACTIONS
FORMS Rule 3251. Praecipe for Writ of Execution. Money Judgments.
Except as provided by Rule 2963 governing execution upon a judgment entered by confession, the praecipe for a writ of execution shall be substantially in the following form:
[Caption]
PRAECIPE FOR WRIT OF EXECUTION To the Prothonotary:
Issue writ of execution in the above matter,
* * * * * (4) and [index] enter this writ in the judgment index
(a) against ______ , defendant, and
(Name of Defendant)(b) against ______ , as garnishee, as
(Name of Garnishee)* * * * * Official Note:
* * * * * Paragraph (4)(a) should be completed only if [indexing] entry of the execution in the county of issuance is desired as authorized by Rule 3104(a)(1). When the writ issues to another county [indexing] entry is required as of course in that county by the prothonotary. See Rule 3104(b).
Paragraph (4)(b) should be completed only if real property in the name of a garnishee is attached and [indexing] entry as a lis pendens is desired. See Rule 3104(c).
* * * * *
Explanatory Comment I. Introduction
II. Terminology
III. Judgments
IV. Revival of Judgment Liens
V. Enforcement of Judgments for the Payment of Money
VI. Disposition and Derivation Table
VII. Endnotes
I. Introduction
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania promulgated Rules 3025 through 3049 in 1964 to provide the procedure in proceedings ''to revive and continue the lien of a judgment.'' The note to Rule 3025 advised the bench and bar: ''For the substantive law governing the revival of judgment against defendants and terre tenants see the Judgment Lien Law of 1947, 12 P. S. 877 et seq.''
The Judgment Lien Law was repealed by the Judiciary Act Repealer Act (JARA) in 1978 but no successor provisions were enacted as part of the Judicial Code or otherwise. A consequence of the repeal was that the 1947 Act disappeared from Purdon's Pennsylvania Statutes along with the rest of Title 12 relating to Judicial Procedures and Remedies. Unless the superseded volumes of former Title 12 were retained, the Judgment Lien Law became unavailable to the legal community. Yet, as no general rules had been promulgated to date to replace the repealed Act, the Judgment Lien Law continued as part of the common law of the Commonwealth under the fail-safe provision of JARA, 42 P. S. § 20003(b).
It is proposed that the rules of civil procedure be amended to fill the void. The General Assembly in Section 1722(b)(1) of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. § 1722(b)(1), has authorized the governing authority to prescribe and modify general rules governing:
(1) The effect of judgments and other orders of, and the right to and effect of attachments and other process issuing out of, a tribunal, and the manner of the enforcement of any thereof, including the time during which and the property with respect to which they shall be a lien, the relative priority of liens and other claims, stays of execution which may or shall be granted, satisfaction of judgments and dissolution of attachments, and all other matters relating to judgments and other orders and attachments and other process which have been regulated heretofore by statute.The proposed amendments would not effect a radical change in the law of judgment liens and revival of judgment liens. Rather, the purpose is to make the law accessible to the bench and bar, to integrate the substantive and procedural law of judgment liens and revival, and to state the law in clear terms.
II. Terminology
The rules use the terms ''plaintiff'' and ''defendant.'' In the context of a judgment, the plaintiff is the judgment creditor or the party in whose favor the judgment is entered and the defendant is the judgment debtor or the party against whom the judgment is entered. It may be that a judgment has been entered in favor of the defendant on a counterclaim in which case the defendant will be the ''plaintiff'' under these rules and the plaintiff will be the ''defendant.'' A note has been added to Rule 3026 to this effect.
Prior statutes referred to the ''indexing'' of verdicts and judgments and the rules of civil procedure promulgated when those statutes were in effect used that term. The present law, Section 4303 of the Judicial Code, refers to a judgment or order being a lien ''when it is entered of record.'' Consistent with the Judicial Code, the proposed amendments use the terms ''entry,'' ''enter'' and ''entered'' as may be appropriate.
III. Judgments
A new chapter of four rules has been added which encompasses the entry of judgment in the judgment index and the effect of a judgment as a lien upon real property. The four rules are Rule 3020 (Definition.), Rule 3021 (Verdict. Judgment. Entry in Judgment Index.), Rule 3022 (Verdict or Order. Entry. Lien.) and Rule 3023 (Judgment. Lien. Duration.).
Rule 3020. Definition.
Rule 3101(a) governing the enforcement of money judgments defines the term ''judgment.'' It has been amended by deleting the language ''or a public authority.'' This language became unnecessary in light of the recent amendment of the term ''political subdivision'' in Definition Rule 76 to include ''a municipal or other local authority.'' Rule 3101(a) now defines judgment as follows:
''judgment'' means a judgment, order, or decree requiring the payment of money entered in any court which is subject to these rules, including a final or interlocutory order for payment of costs, except a judgment against the Commonwealth or a political subdivision;New Rule 3020 defines the term ''judgment'' using identical language and applies to the rules of the new chapter.
Rule 3021. Verdict. Judgment. Entry in Judgment Index.
Section 2737 of the Judicial Code provides that the ''office of the prothonotary shall have the power and duty to . . . [e]nter all civil judgments, including judgments by confession.'' Section 4303(a) of the Judicial Code provides that any judgment or order for the payment of money shall be a lien upon real property when it is ''entered of record'' in the office of the clerk of the court of common pleas of the county where the real property is situated.1
These sections give scant direction to the prothonotary with respect to the judgment index when contrasted with prior statutes such as the Act of 1827, 16 P. S. § 9871.2 The new rule provides the necessary direction by setting forth, first, the duty of the prothonotary to enter verdicts, orders and judgments in the judgment index and, second, the content of the entry in the index.
Rule 3022. Verdict or Order. Entry. Lien.
New Rule 3022 is derived from the repealed Act of March 23, 1877, P. L. 34, § 1, 12 P. S. § 861.3 The statute provided in part that ''the verdict shall be a lien upon the real estate situate within the proper county of the party or parties against whom said verdict shall be rendered . . . .'' In its formulation of the nature of the lien, the rule states:
A verdict or order for a specific sum of money shall be a lien on real property located within the county, title to which at the time of the rendition of the verdict or order is recorded in the name of the person against whom the verdict or order was rendered . . . .This language used in Rule 3022 is the basic formulation used to describe the lien in each rule prescribing a lien. Rules 1307, 3023, 3027 and 3104 all contain in almost identical form the following italicized language: ''a lien on real property located within the county, title to which at the time of the rendition of the verdict or order is recorded in the name of the person against whom the verdict or order was entered.''
As the lien dates from the rendition of the verdict or order rather than its entry in the judgment index, the subparagraph (1) provides ''that no innocent purchaser without notice shall be prejudiced.'' This provision continues the prior practice.
Subparagraph (2) provides a five-year limit upon the life of the lien. The lien terminates earlier if, prior to the expiration of the five-year period, the verdict or order is reduced to judgment or the court awards a new trial or enters a judgment notwithstanding the verdict.
The rule refers to an ''order'' as well as a ''verdict.'' The term ''order'' is broadly defined by the Section 102 of the Judicial Code to include a ''judgment, decision, decree, sentence and adjudication.'' However, a judgment is specifically governed by Rule 3023.
Rule 3023. Judgment. Lien.
New Rule 3023 sets forth the lien of a judgment and its duration and replaces two prior statutes, Section 2 of the Judgment Lien Law of 1947, 12 P. S. § 8784, and Section 2 of the Act of 1877, 12 P. S. § 8625. Subdivision (a) states the general rule using the basic language of Rule 3022 governing the lien of a verdict and order but appropriately particularized to a judgment:
(a) Except as provided by subdivision (b), a judgment when entered in the judgment index shall be a lien on real property located in the county, title to which at the time of entry is recorded in the name of the person against whom the judgment is entered.Subdivision (b) states the rules for two particular judgments: the lien of a judgment entered upon a verdict or order and the lien of a judgment entered upon an award in compulsory arbitration. Subdivision (b), however, is couched in different terms than the statute it replaces. One section of the statute6 provided that ''every judgment . . . shall be a lien'' and another section7 provided that '' the lien of the verdict in such case shall date from the time of its rendition . . .''
Subdivision (b) achieves the same end as the statute but in a different manner. The subdivision begins with entry in the judgment index:
(b) A judgment upon a verdict, an order or an award in compulsory arbitration, when entered in the judgment index, shall . . . .Then, rather than state that the lien shall date from rendition of the verdict, the rule provides for the entry of the judgment in the judgment index to ''continue'' the lien of the verdict:
(1) continue the lien upon real property located in the county which is subject to the lien of the verdict, order or award upon which the judgment is entered,The continuing of a lien parallels the concept of new Rule 3027(b)(1) by which the lien of a writ or agreement of revival when entered in the judgment index shall ''continue the lien upon all real property located in the county which is subject to the lien of the judgment sought to be revived.'' Since the rule continues the lien of the verdict, the date of the commencement of the lien is determined by reference to Rule 3022 which provides in paragraph (1) that the lien shall ''date from the time of the rendition of the verdict or order, provided that no innocent purchaser without notice shall be prejudiced.'' Similarly, the date of commencement of the lien of an award in compulsory arbitration is determined by referring to Rule 1307(b). A note to subdivision (b)(1) sets forth the cross-references.
Subdivision (b)(2) pertains to after-acquired property and generally follows the statute. Consistent with revised Rule 3025 which refers to a proceeding to ''revive which continues or creates the lien of a judgment,'' subparagraph (2) provides that the entry of the judgment shall ''create'' a lien:
(2) create a lien upon all other real property located within the county, title to which at the time of entry in the judgment index is recorded in the name of the person against whom the judgment is entered.Subdivision (c) provides for a five-year duration of the lien and applies to the liens of all judgments under the rule. The life of the lien is unchanged from prior practice.
Other Rules Affecting Liens
Several additional rules of civil procedure govern liens on real property and are affected by the proposed amendments.
Rule 1307. Award. Docketing. Notice. Lien. Judgment. Molding the Award.
Rule 1307 is a rule governing compulsory arbitration which formerly provided in subdivision (b) that the ''award when entered in the judgment index shall be a lien upon the party's real estate, which shall continue during the pendency of an appeal or until extinguished according to law.'' The language has been revised to conform to that of other rules of civil procedure imposing a lien on real property:
(b) The award for the payment of money when entered in the judgment index shall be a lien on real property located within the county, title to which is recorded in the name of the person against whom the award was entered. The lien shall continue during the pendency of an appeal or until extinguished according to law.Rule 3027. Writ of Revival. Entry. Lien.
and
Rule 3031.1. Judgment of Revival. Lien.Rule 3027 governing the entry and lien of a writ of revival was amended in 1994 to incorporate the substance of Section 4 of the Judgment Lien Law, 12 P. S. § 8808. The present amendment to that rule and new Rule 3031.1 governing the entry and lien of a judgment of revival are described below under the comment discussing the revisions to the rules governing revival of judgment.
Rule 3104. Writ of Execution. Entry. Lien.
The amendment to Rule 3104(a) is intended to incorporate without substantial change Section 7 of the Judgment Lien Law, 12 P. S. § 8839, relating to the property subject to execution, the lien of execution and the duration of the lien. The rule is discussed at the end of the comment in connection with the rules governing the enforcement of judgments for the payment of money.
IV. Revival of Judgment Liens
The rules governing ''revival of judgments'' are revised generally to be gender neutral and to delete obsolete references. In addition, the phrase ''revival of judgments'' is revised to read ''revival of judgment lien.''
The source of the revision providing for ''revival of judgment lien'' is the concurring opinion by Mr. Justice Zappala in Shearer v. Naftzinger, 747 A.2d 859, 861 (Pa. 2000), which described the effect of a judgment and the necessity for revival of a judgment lien:
. . . A money judgment acts as a lien against real property, but only for five years. The lien must be continued (or revived) to maintain (or obtain a new) place of priority. However, properly speaking, it is the lien that is revived, not the judgment. There is no outer time limit to executing against real property to satisfy a judgment, but the proceeds of such a sale must be distributed according to the priority of liens . . . .Rule 3025. Commencement of Proceedings. Venue.
Although it was not mentioned in the title to the rule, Rule 3025 stated the scope of the chapter, i.e., ''[a] proceeding to revive and continue the lien of a judgment.'' This language is revised as follows:
A proceeding to revive [and] which continues or creates the lien of a judgment . . .
The words ''which continues or creates the lien of a judgment'' reveal the nature of the proceeding. The proceeding to revive will, first, continue the lien as to real property which is subject to an existing lien and, second, create a lien with respect to property which is not subject to an existing lien because either the lien has been lost or the lien had not attached to the property (after-acquired property). The concept is similar to that of Rule 3023(b) governing the lien of a judgment which provides that the judgment when entered in the judgment index shall ''continue'' the lien of the verdict or order as to property subject to the lien and ''create'' a lien as to all other property recorded in the name of the person against whom the judgment is entered.
(1) Continuing a lien
A proceeding to revive ''continues *** a lien of a judgment.'' The continuing of a lien presupposes an existing lien. Rule 3023 governing the lien of a judgment and Rule 3031.1 governing the lien of a judgment of revival both provide that the ''lien shall continue for five years from the date the judgment was entered in the judgment index unless the judgment is sooner discharged or revived.'' If a proceeding to revive a judgment lien is commenced within the five-year period prescribed by Rules 3023 and 3031.1, there exists a lien to be continued. This is the import of Rule 3027(b)(1) which provides that a writ of revival or an agreement to revive when entered in the judgment index shall
(1) continue the lien upon real property located in the county which is subject to the lien of the judgment which is sought to be revived . . .(2) Creating a lien
A proceeding to revive also ''creates a lien of a judgment.'' The creation of a lien presupposes that there is no existing lien. There may be no existing lien on real property because either the lien has been lost or because the lien did not attach.
If a proceeding to revive a judgment is not brought within the five-year period after entry of the judgment in the judgment index as required by Rules 3023 and 3031.1, the lien is lost as to property which had been subject to the lien and there exists no lien to continue. However, the proceeding will create a new lien on property as to which a lien has been lost. This is the import of Rule 3027(b)(2) which provides that a writ of revival or an agreement to revive when entered in the judgment index shall
(2) create a lien upon all other real property located in the county, title to which, at the time of entry is recorded in the name of the defendant or a terre-tenant.Rule 3023(a) provides in part that ''a judgment when entered in the judgment index shall create a lien on real property located in the county, title to which at the time of entry is recorded in the name of the person against whom the judgment is entered.'' Thus, property which is acquired by the defendant after entry of the judgment in the judgment index is not subject to the lien of the judgment. In this case also, the proceeding to revive the judgment will create a lien as provided by Rule 3027(b)(2).
Though a proceeding to revive a judgment may be commenced after the expiration of the five-year period, the importance of commencing a proceeding within the five-year period to continue a lien cannot be ignored. If a lien is lost, its priority is lost and the new lien will date from the entry of the writ of revival or agreement to revive in the judgment index. As stated by Mr. Justice Zappala in Shearer v. Naftzinger, 747 A.2d at 861, ''The lien must be continued (or revived) to maintain (or obtain a new) place of priority.''
Rule 3025 with its ''definition'' of a proceeding to revive encapsulates the law and procedure of the chapter. Rules 3027 and 3031.1 provide the substantive effect of the writ of revival and judgment of revival while the remaining rules of the chapter provide the procedure to effectuate the substantive law.
Rule 3025.1. Consolidation of Judgments.
Subdivision (a) of this new rule governing consolidation of judgments provides for consolidation by writ of revival and is derived from the Judgment Lien Law of 1947, 12 P. S. § 87510. Subdivision (b) adds the option of consolidating judgments by agreement.
There needs to be a trail leading to and from the consolidated judgment. Subdivisions (c) and (d) provide for cross-references to enable the searcher to trace the history of both the individual judgments and the consolidated judgment.
Rule 3026. Parties. Generally.
There is no change in substance to Rule 3026. The title is revised by adding the word ''Generally.'' There are three new rules to follow which concern specific aspects, i.e., joint defendants and terre-tenants.
The two subdivisions are revised to be parallel in style. A note is added to subdivision (a) describing the use in the rules of the words ''plaintiff'' and ''defendant'' to mean judgment creditor and judgment debtor, respectively. The note to subdivision (b) is made current by deleting obsolete material and adding cross-references to the new rules governing terre-tenants.
Rule 3026.1. Parties. Joint Defendants.
New Rule 3026.1 relating to joint defendants incorporates the substance of Section 3 of the Judgment Lien Law, 12 P. S. § 879(b)11.
Rule 3026.2. Parties. Terre-Tenants.
and
Rule 3026.3. Revival of Lien of Judgment as to Property of Terre-Tenant.New Rule 3026.2 provides a definition of the term ''terre-tenant.'' Subdivision (a) is derived from Eberhart's Appeal, 39 Pa. 509, 512 (1861): ''A terre-tenant is one in whom the title to the encumbered estate has vested.''
Subdivisions (b) and (c) of Rule 3026.2 limiting the term ''terre-tenant'' incorporate a corresponding provision of the Judgment Lien Law, 12 P. S. § 879(d)12.
A portion of Section 3 of the 1947 Act, 12 P. S. § 879(a)13, set forth the manner of revival against the property of a terre-tenant. New Rule 3026.3 incorporates the substance of that provision, dividing it into two subdivisions and a note.
Rule 3027. Writ of Revival. Entry. Lien.
Rule 3027 is the heart of the rules governing revival of judgment liens, setting forth the substantive law pertaining both to the writ of revival and, by incorporation by reference in Rule 3031.1, to the judgment of revival.
Subdivision (a) provides for the prothonotary to enter the writ of revival or agreement to revive in the judgment index ''against each defendant and terre-tenant named therein.'' The provision might be compared to the requirement of new Rule 3021 requiring the prothonotary to enter verdicts, orders and judgments into the judgment index.
Subdivision (b) provides for the effect of the writ or agreement when entered in the judgment index as continuing or creating a lien upon real property. The effect of this subdivision is described under the comment to Rule 3025.
Subdivision (c) providing for the lien to continue for five years has been revised only to accommodate the reference to an agreement to revive and to substitute the word ''entered'' in place of ''indexed.''
Rule 3028. Service of the Writ.
The former rule that a ''return of no service shall be equivalent to personal service'' was derived from at least two repealed statutory sources: Section 6 of the Judgment Lien Law, 12 P. S. § 882, and 12 P. S. § 295. Under the former14, the prothonotary was authorized to enter judgment of revival upon praecipe following a return of nihil habet. The latter provided that ''a return of nihil habet shall be equivalent to personal service, in writs of scire facias to revive judgments entered in personal actions.''
The new rule places a greater emphasis upon serving the writ of revival and provides procedures beyond those normally available for service of original process. Subdivision (a) provides that the writ may be served by the sheriff or a competent adult. The manner of service may be by handing a copy as provided by Rule 402 through 402.2 or mailing a copy as provided by Rule 403. If service cannot be made by handing or mailing a copy, then subdivision (b) provides two alternatives. The first alternative is service pursuant to an order of court under Rule 430(a). The second is service by publication without an order of court but upon filing an affidavit ''showing reasonable efforts to make service pursuant to subdivision (a) and the reasons why such service could not be made.'' In effect, the party seeking to make service by publication under subdivision (b)(2) is making a record by affidavit which will support the right granted by the rule.
Rule 3029. Reissuance and Substitution of Writ.
There is no change in practice under the rule as only the note is revised. The note presently contains an obsolete reference to former Rule 1010 as governing reissuance and substitution of a writ of summons. A reference to the current rule, Rule 401(b), is substituted.
Rule 3030. Pleadings, Further Proceedings. Continuance of Lien.
Again, there is no change in practice under the revised rule. The only revision is to substitute in subdivision (c) the new language relating to the ''entry'' of a judgment in the judgment index in place of the ''indexing'' of a judgment.
Rule 3031. Judgment upon default or admission. Assessment of damages.
The addition of a note is the only change proposed to this rule governing judgment upon default or admission. The note which refers to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act, 50 U.S.C. App. § 520, replaces Section 5 of the Judgment Lien Law of 1947, 12 P. S. § 881, relating to revival of a lien against a person in the armed forces.
Rule 3031.1. Judgment of Revival. Lien.
Rule 3031.1 governs the judgment of revival and its lien. Subdivision (a) of Rule 3031.1 replaces the first sentence of section 3(c) of the Judgment Lien Law of 1947, 12 P. S. § 879(c)15 and cross-refers to Rule 3027 governing the lien of the writ of revival for the extent and duration of the lien.
The second sentence of subsection (c) of the statute relating to extension of the lien was incorporated in 1994 into Rule 3030 as subdivision (c).16
Subdivision (b) of the new rule has no statutory antecedent and is a clarification of the extent of the judgment of revival against a terre-tenant.
Rules 3032, 3033 and 3034. Forms.
The revisions to the rules governing forms are directed primarily to matters of style and updating obsolete references. The only revision of substance is the addition to the form of writ of revival of a notice based upon the Notice to Defend prescribed by Rule 1018.1.
Rules 3048, 3049 and 3049.1. Acts of Assembly.
Rule 3048 governing Acts of Assembly Not Suspended has been revised to take cognizance of statutes which have been repealed as well as statutes enacted subsequent to the original promulgation of the rule. No change in practice is intended as the result of the revision of this rule.
Rule 3049 governing Acts of Assembly Suspended is rescinded as all of the statutes formerly suspended by the rule have been repealed. However, the practice and procedure under certain of these statutes have remained in force as the result of the ''fail-safe'' provision of Section 3(b) of JARA, 42 Pa.C.S. § 20003(b). New Rule 3049.1 sets forth those repealed statutes, the practice and procedure under which, as the result of the promulgation of these rules, will no longer continue as part of the common law of the Commonwealth.
V. Enforcement of Judgments for the Payment of Money.
Rule 3101. Definitions. Garnishee
The amendment to the definition of judgment in Rule 3101 has already been mentioned in the comment to Rule 3020. The amendment deletes the phrase ''or public authority.'' No change in practice is effected by this amendment as the term ''political subdivision'' is defined by Rule 76 to include a municipal or other local authority.
Rule 3101.1. Property Subject to Execution. Execution Within and after Five Years.
New Rule 3101.1 replaces two Acts of Assembly relating to the property subject to the execution, the lien of execution and execution after five years.
Subdivision (a) incorporates the substance of Section 7 of the Judgment Lien Law, 12 P. S. § 883 (repealed). Subdivision (a)(1) provides for execution against real property bound by the lien of a judgment, whether original or revived, within five years of the entry of the original judgment, judgment of revival or agreement to revive. The revival of the judgment lien continues an existing lien upon real property (including real property acquired by a terre-tenant) and creates a lien upon after-acquired property (''real property, title to which at the time of the entry of the writ of execution in the judgment index is recorded in the name of the person against whom the judgment is entered).''
Subdivision (a)(2) is concerned with an execution against real property where five years have elapsed since the entry of the original judgment, the last preceding judgment of revival or the last preceding agreement to revive. In that case, ''no execution against real property may issue until a writ of revival shall have issued and been reduced to judgment or an agreement to revive entered.'' The execution is issued on the judgment of revival or agreement entered and not on the original judgment.
Subdivision (b) incorporates the Act of 1887, 12 P. S. § 2094 (repealed).17 This subdivision provides for execution upon personal property ''within the time allowed by law.'' It is immaterial whether the judgment is a lien upon real property or whether the lien of the judgment has been revived within five years since the entry of the original judgment or any judgment of revival or agreement to revive. In distinguishing between execution upon real and personal property, Mr. Justice Zappala in Shearer v. Naftzinger stated, 747 A.2d at 862:
Different rules apply with respect to personal property. A judgment continues to exist, and can be executed on by having the sheriff sell personal property, whether or not a writ of revival is ever filed. . . .The note to the rule cites Section 5529(a) of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. § 5529(a), prescribing a twenty-year limitation upon execution against personal property. The note also refers to the Shearer case for additional guidance.
New Rule 3101.1 highlights another distinction between executions upon real and personal property. Execution upon real property requires that there be a judgment lien upon the real property, that is, that execution issue within five years of the entry of the original judgment or last revival of the judgment lien in the judgment index. In contrast, execution upon personal property is unrelated to a lien. There must simply be a judgment and the execution must issue within the time required by law (''within 20 years after the entry of the judgment upon which the execution is to be issued'' as provided by Section 5529 of the Judicial Code18). Again, as stated by Mr. Justice Zappala in the Shearer case, 747 A.2d at 861--862:
. . . There is no outer time limit to executing against real property to satisfy a judgment, but the proceeds of such a sale must be distributed according to the priority of liens. . . .Different rules apply with respect to personal property. A judgment continues to exist, and can be executed on by having the sheriff sell personal property, whether or not a writ of revival is ever filed. . . . Section 5529 simply places an outer limit of 20 years on executing against personal property to satisfy a judgment. . . .Rule 3104. Writ of Execution. Entry. Lien.
Rule 3104, also a part of the chapter governing the enforcement of judgments for the payment of money, was previously entitled ''Indexing'' and provided for the indexing of a writ of execution. The amendment to Rule 3104(a) is intended to incorporate without substantial change a portion of Section 7 of the Judgment Lien Law, 12 P. S. § 88319, relating to the property subject to execution, the lien of execution and the duration of the lien. The title of the rule has been revised to indicate the subject matter of the rule and the language of subdivision (a)(1) tracks the language of the other rules creating liens.
Rule 3104(a) provides for the writ of execution to create not only a lien upon property owned at the time of the entry of the writ but also to continue the lien upon property which is already subject to the lien of the judgment.
An additional revision to subdivision (a) is the deletion of the phrase ''upon praecipe of the plaintiff.'' The writ of execution is issued upon a praecipe prescribed by Rule 3251 which contains a direction to the prothonotary to ''enter this writ in the judgment index.'' It was not the intention of the rule that the plaintiff be required to file a second praecipe for the prothonotary to enter the writ in the judgment index. The deletion of the phrase quoted above and an addition to the note make this point clear.
Subdivision (b) of the rule governs the delivery of the writ of execution to the sheriff of another county. The last sentence provided that the plaintiff could direct the sheriff to levy or attach under the writ before delivering it to the prothonotary for indexing. This sentence has been deleted. There should be no execution proceedings until the writ of execution is entered of record within the county.
By the Civil Procedural Rules Committee
REA BOYLAN THOMAS,
ChairVI. Derivation Table
Rule Purdon's Compulsory Arbitration 1307 -- Judgment Liens 3020 -- 3021 16 P. S. § 9871 17 P. S. § 1922 3022 12 P. S. § 861 3023 12 P. S. §§ 862, 878 Revival of Judgment Liens 3025 -- 3025.1 12 P. S. § 875 3026 -- 3026.1 12 P. S. § 879(b) 3026.2 12 P. S. § 879(d) 3026.3 12 P. S. § 879(a) 3027 12 P. S. § 880 3028 12 P. S. §§ 295, 313, 882 3029 -- 3030(c) 12 P. S. § 879(c) 3031 12 P. S. § 881 3031.1(a) 12 P. S. § 879(c) 3032 -- 3033 -- 3034 -- 3048 -- 3049 -- Execution upon Money Judgments 3101.1 12 P. S. §§ 883, 2094 3104 12 P. S. § 883 Disposition Table Purdon's 12 P. S. § Rule 295 3028 313 3028 861 3020 862 3021 878 3021 879(a) 3026.3 879(b) 3026.1 879(c) 3030(c), 3031.1(a) 879(d) 3026.2 880 3027 881 3031 882 3028 883 3101.1(a), (b) 3104 2094 3101.1(b) 16 P. S. § Rule 9871 3021 17 P. S. § 1922 3021 VII. ENDNOTES
1§ 4303. Effect of judgments and orders as liens
(a) Real property.--Any judgment or other order of a court of common pleas for the payment of money shall be a lien upon real property on the conditions, to the extent and with the priority provided by statute or prescribed by General Rule adopted pursuant to section 1722(b) (relating to enforcement and effect of orders and process) when it is entered of record in the office of the clerk of the court of common pleas of the county where the real property is situated, or in the office of the clerk of the branch of the court of common pleas embracing such county.
* * * * * 2§ 9871. Judgment docket; contents; fee for entries
It shall be the duty of each of the prothonotaries of the several courts of common pleas district courts and circuit courts in this commonwealth, to make, prepare and keep a docket, to be called the judgment docket, in which said docket no case shall be entered until after there shall have been a judgment or award of arbitrators in such case, and into which shall be copied the entry of every judgment and every award of arbitrators, immediately after the same shall have been entered; which entries, so to be made in the said judgment docket, shall be so made that one shall follow the other in the order of time in which the said judgments and awards shall have been rendered, entered or filed, as aforesaid; and the entries in each case in said judgment docket shall particularly state and set forth the names of the parties, the term and number of the case, and the date, and in the case of the judgment shall be for a sum certain, the amount of the judgment or award; and when any judgment shall be revived by scire facias or otherwise, or when any execution shall issue in any case, a note thereof shall be made in the proper judgment docket, at the place where the other entries in such case may have been made . . .
3§ 861. Lien of verdict
Whenever a verdict is rendered by a jury in any of the courts of common pleas of this commonwealth for any specific sum of money, in such case the verdict shall be a lien upon the real estate situate within the proper county of the party or parties against whom said verdict shall be rendered, which lien shall remain unless the court grant a new trial or arrest the judgment; and it shall be the duty of the prothonotary of the court of common pleas to enter such verdict on the lien docket where judgments are entered, marking the same ''verdict,'' and specifying the amount of said verdict and the date of its rendition.
4§ 878. Property subject to lien; duration of lien
Every judgment now or hereafter entered of record and indexed in any court of record in this Commonwealth shall be a lien upon all real property within the county where the judgment is entered, which at the time of the entry and indexing of the judgment is owned by the person against whom the judgment is entered, and shall, unless sooner discharged as provided by law, continue as a lien as to the defendant and all other persons for a period of five years from the date on which the judgment was entered, and no longer, unless the same is revived as hereinafter provided.
5§ 862. Lien of judgment to refer to date of verdict
In case the court shall overrule any motion for a new trial or in arrest of judgment, now pending, the lien of the verdict in such case shall date from the time of its rendition: Provided however, That no innocent purchaser without notice shall be prejudiced thereby.
6See endnote 4, supra.
7See endnote 5, supra.
8§ 880. Scire facias as lien
A writ of scire facias issued to revive a judgment at any time either before or after the expiration of five years after the indexing thereof, or before or after five years after the indexing of the last preceding judgment of revival thereof, shall, when indexed in the judgment index, be a lien upon all real property within the county which at the time of the indexing thereof is owned by the defendant against whom the original judgment is entered, whether or not such real property was owned by him at the time the judgment was indexed or previously revived. All liens against after-acquired property, or against property as to which the lien of the original judgment has been lost, shall be effective as of the date when the writ of scire facias was indexed, and shall, unless sooner discharged as provided by law, continue as a lien for a period of five years from the date of the indexing of the judgment of revival thereon, and no longer, unless the same is revised as provided in this act.
9§ 883. Property subject to execution; lien of execution; execution after five years
(a) The holder of any judgment may, within five years after the entry thereof or after the entry of any judgment of revival thereon, have execution in the manner provided by law on such original judgment or on such judgment of revival, as the case may be, against any real property bound by the lien of the judgment, whether or not any interest therein has been acquired by a terre-tenant and against any real property acquired by the defendant subsequent to the entry of the original judgment or of the judgment of revival, as the case may be, and owned by him at the time of the indexing of the execution. In the case of after-acquired property, the execution, when docketed and indexed, shall become a lien upon such real property. In the case of real property which is then subject to the lien of the judgment, the execution, when docketed and indexed, shall continue such lien beyond the time it would otherwise have expired. Any lien obtained or continued solely as the result of the docketing and indexing of an execution shall continue only for a period of five years from the indexing of the execution.
(b) In all cases where more than five years have expired since the entry of the judgment, or the entry of the last preceding judgment of revival, as the case may be, no execution upon any real property may issue until a writ of scire facias shall have issued and been reduced to judgment, and the execution shall issue on the judgment so entered and not on the original judgment.
10§ 875. Consolidation of judgments by scire facias
Whenever hereafter any person or persons shall be the owner or owners of two or more judgments, all recovered against the same person or persons, which are overdue, or may become due at the same time, it shall be lawful for the owner or owners of said judgments, at their option, to combine and consolidate the same by the issue of a single writ or [sic] scire facias; and the new judgment, when entered, shall include the amounts due on all the old judgments.
11§ 879. Manner of reviving lien; duration of revived lien
* * * * * (b) In the case of two or more joint defendants, no revival shall be effective against any of such defendants, or their real property, whether or not owned jointly with the other joint defendants, or any of them, unless all such joint defendants shall join in the agreement, or shall be made parties to the scire facias proceedings: Provided, That if any number less than all of the joint defendants shall agree to be bound the revival shall be effective against all of the defendants so agreeing.
* * * * * 12§ 879. Manner of reviving lien; duration of revived lien
* * * * * (d) As used in this act, the term ''terre-tenant'' shall not include any person claiming under or whose claim of title passes through a deed which is not recorded in the county where the real property is located, or any person claiming under or though a deceased defendant or terre-tenant whose will has not been filed with, or letters of administration on whose estate have not been issued by, the register of wills or orphans' court of such county: Provided, That any person claiming under or though a deceased defendant or terre-tenant who was not a resident of the county at the time of his death, may qualify as a terre-tenant under the provisions of this act by recording in the office of the recorder of deeds of the county, where the real property is located, a certified copy of the will of such decedent if he died testate, or if he died intestate, a declaration of interest accompanied by a certificate of the register of wills or probate court or officer of the county, state or country in which the decedent resided at the time of his death that letters of administration have been issued in the estate of such decedent.
13§ 879. Manner of reviving lien; duration of revived lien
(a) ***: Provided, further, That if revival shall have been had against the defendant at a time when a terre-tenant's deed is of record, but without the joinder of the terre-tenant, then, within a period of five years after the recording of the terre-tenant's deed or other evidence of title, the lien may be revived as to the terre-tenant by (1) agreement between the plaintiff and the terre-tenant alone or between the plaintiff, defendant and terre-tenant, or (2) by writ of scire facias issued against the terre-tenant without joining the defendant, or against the defendant and terre-tenant, jointly, entered in, or issued out of, and indexed in the court in which the judgment was entered within such period of five years after the recording of the terre-tenant's deed or other evidence of title, and in such event the lien shall continue as to the terre-tenant for the same period only as it continues against the defendant, when it must be revived against both parties as hereinbefore provided. This proviso shall not be so construed as to revive any lien as to any part of the property acquired by a terre-tenant by the mere recording of a terre-tenant's deed or other evidence of title without specific revival by agreement or scire facias as above provided.
* * * * * 14§ 882. Service of scire facias; judgment on return of nihil habet
*** On return being made by the sheriff showing service on all such persons found in the county, and a return of nihil habet as to all those not so found, the prothonotary shall, at any time after the end of the period during which the writ runs, upon praecipe, enter and index judgment of revival of any such judgment during another period of five years against the real estate bound by the judgment, unless sufficient cause is shown to prevent the same.
15§ 879. Manner of reviving lien; duration of revived lien
* * * * * (c) The revived lien of any judgment shall, unless sooner discharged as provided by law, continue for a period of five years from the date on which the judgment of revival, whether entered by agreement or on writ of scire facias, was indexed, provided such judgment of revival, if entered on a writ of scire facias, was indexed within a period of five years after the issuance of such writ, otherwise such lien shall continue only for a period of five years from the date on which the writ of scire facias to revive was indexed, and in either case no longer unless the same is again revived as provided in this act. ***
* * * * * 16§ 879. Manner of reviving lien; duration of revived lien
* * * * * (c) *** In any case where, by reason of pending litigation, judgment cannot be entered on the writ of scire facias within a period of five years after the indexing of such writ, the court, before which such litigation is pending, may enter an order continuing the lien of such writ for such further period, not exceeding five years, as the court may direct, such order shall become effective when indexed.
* * * * * 17§ 2094. Execution, after five years, upon personal property
From and after the passage of this act execution may issue upon any judgment of record in any of the courts of this Commonwealth, notwithstanding such judgment may have lost its lien upon real estate, without a previous writ of scire facias to revive the same: Provided however, That such execution shall be confined or restricted to the personal property only of the debtor, and that such execution shall not issue after the lapse of twenty years from the maturity of the judgment: And provided further, That, at the same time execution is issued, a scire facias shall be issued to revive the judgment upon which said execution is issued; and in case the defendant or defendants in said writs file an affidavit alleging a just and legal defense against he revival of said judgment, it shall be lawful for the court, or a judge thereof in vacation, to stay the writ of fieri facias, by an order preserving the lien thereof, and to order the scire facias on the head of the list for trial at the next term for the trial of civil cases.
18§ 5529. Twenty year limitation
(a) Execution against personal property.--An execution against personal property must be issued within 20 years after the entry of the judgment upon which the execution is to be issued.
* * * * * 19§ 883. Property subject to execution; lien of execution; execution after five years
(a) The holder of any judgment may, within five years after the entry thereof or after the entry of any judgment of revival thereon, have execution in the manner provided by law on such original judgment or on such judgment of revival, as the case may be, against any real property bound by the lien of the judgment, whether or not any interest therein has been acquired by a terre-tenant and against any real property acquired by the defendant subsequent to the entry of the original judgment or of the judgment of revival, as the case may be, and owned by him at the time of the indexing of the execution. In the case of after-acquired property, the execution, when docketed and indexed, shall become a lien upon such real property. In the case of real property which is then subject to the lien of the judgment, the execution, when docketed and indexed, shall continue such lien beyond the time it would otherwise have expired. Any lien obtained or continued solely as the result of the docketing and indexing of an execution shall continue only for a period of five years from the indexing of the execution.
(b) In all cases where more than five years have expired since the entry of the judgment, or the entry of the last preceding judgment of revival, as the case may be, no execution upon any real property may issue until a writ of scire facias shall have issued and been reduced to judgment, and the execution shall issue on the judgment so entered and not on the original judgment.
[Pa.B. Doc. No. 01-899. Filed for public inspection May 25, 2001, 9:00 a.m.]
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