Subchapter 4. DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES

Sec.

401.    Scope.
402.    Suspension or Revocation of Certification and Roster Status.
403.    Reporting of Criminal Investigation/Prosecution or Discipline.
404.    Disciplinary Procedures.
405.    Disciplinary Dispositions.
406.    Reinstatement.
407.    Confidentiality.

§ 401. Scope.

 These procedures apply only to interpreters who are included on the roster maintained by the Interpreter Certification Program (ICP). Staff interpreters who are employees of their respective judicial districts may also be subject to additional personnel and human resources policies in the districts where they are employed.

 These procedures apply to complaints about roster interpreters who have allegedly engaged in unethical, unprofessional, or criminal conduct in the course of performing their interpreter duties and, in some instances, of unethical conduct outside the scope of interpreting.

Comment

   Separate and distinct from the procedures under this chapter is the Language Access Complaint Form, available on the Language Access & Interpreter Program page of the UJS website, http:/www.pacourts.us. Anyone can utilize the Language Access Complaint Form to make the court aware of other language access problems, such as where no interpreter is provided.

Source

   The provisions of this §  401 amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (349446).

§ 402. Suspension or Revocation of Certification and Roster Status.

 The following shall constitute grounds for disciplinary action against interpreters registered with the ICP. Certified, otherwise qualified, or registered status may be suspended or revoked for any of the following reasons:

 (a)  violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct for Judiciary Interpreters;

 (b)  conviction of a felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, dishonesty, or false statements;

 (c)  fraud, dishonesty, or corruption related to the functions and duties of a court interpreter;

 (d)  knowing misrepresentation of court certification or roster status;

 (e)  knowing and willful disclosure of confidential or privileged information obtained while serving in an official capacity as a court interpreter;

 (f)  unprofessional or unethical conduct;

 (g)  fraud or misrepresentation in obtaining or renewing certification status;

 (h)  non-compliance with continuing education requirements;

 (i)  non-payment of renewal fees; or

 (j)  disciplinary action taken in conjunction with the interpreter’s services in another jurisdiction.

Source

   The provisions of this §  402 amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (349446) to (349447).

§ 403. Reporting of Criminal Investigation/Prosecution or Discipline.

 An interpreter who receives notice that he or she is the subject of any federal or state criminal investigation or prosecution through a target letter, a subject letter, a presentment, an indictment, an arrest, a summons, a complaint, other legal process, or any other means from the investigating or prosecuting authority, in any jurisdiction or has been disciplined by the interpreter program of any other jurisdiction shall report the notice or discipline, unless precluded by order of court, to the ICP within forty-eight hours of receiving notification or discipline and shall provide, upon request of the ICP, any pertinent information related to the notification or discipline.

Source

   The provisions of this §  403 amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (349447).

§ 404. Disciplinary Procedures.

 (a)  Lodging a complaint against an interpreter subject to these procedures.—A complaint must be submitted to the ICP in writing on a standard complaint form signed by the complainant. The complaint shall include a description of the alleged improper activity and the identity of any witnesses. Any person, including the ICP Administrator, may initiate a complaint.

 (b)  Review of Complaint.—The ICP Administrator will review the complaint and determine whether the allegations, if true, constitute grounds for disciplinary action pursuant to §  402 (relating to suspension or revocation of certification and roster status). If the ICP Administrator determines that the complaint does not allege conduct that constitutes grounds for discipline, the complaint shall be dismissed and both the complainant and the interpreter will be notified. If the ICP Administrator determines that sufficient grounds for discipline exist, a copy of the complaint will be sent to the interpreter.

 (c)  Response.—Upon receipt of a copy of the complaint, the interpreter may submit a written response to the ICP Administrator within 20 days. Failure to respond will be deemed an admission of the violations alleged in the complaint. The ICP Administrator will then apply whatever sanctions are considered to be appropriate.

 (d)  Investigation.—When the interpreter submits a timely response to the complaint, the ICP Administrator shall conduct an investigation. The ICP Administrator may contact the interpreter, the complainant, and any other person deemed to have relevant information, and use any reasonable means necessary to ascertain the facts and investigate the allegations. The ICP Administrator may also meet with the parties in an attempt to resolve the matter informally. Such a resolution may or may not include sanctions as agreed to by the parties.

 (e)  Determination.—If, at the conclusion of the investigation, the ICP Administrator determines that no conduct occurred that constitutes ground for discipline, the complaint shall be dismissed and both the complainant and the interpreter shall be notified. The notification shall include an explanation of the reason(s) for the ICP Administrator’s determination.

 When, after an investigation, the ICP Administrator determines that a violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct for Judiciary Interpreters has occurred and that sufficient grounds exist to support the allegations in the complaint, the ICP Administrator will submit a report of the findings in writing to the complainant and the interpreter including which policies have been violated and whatever sanctions are considered to be appropriate.

 (f)  Petition for review.—If the interpreter disagrees with the ICP Administrator’s findings and proposed sanctions and wants to contest them, the interpreter shall submit a petition for review in writing to the Court Administrator within 20 days of receiving the ICP Administrator’s report and proposed sanctions. The petition shall briefly state the facts that form the basis for the initial complaint and the interpreter’s reasons for disagreeing with the ICP Administrator’s findings or proposed sanctions. A copy of the petition shall be provided to the ICP Administrator. Failure to file a petition for review in a timely manner will be deemed an admission of the violations alleged in the complaint and the ICP Administrator will implement the recommended sanctions.

 (g)  Hearing.—If the interpreter contests the findings of the ICP Administrator’s report or disagrees with the recommended sanctions and submits a timely petition for review as provided in subsection (f), the interpreter may request, and shall be given, a hearing before a hearing officer designated by the Court Administrator. A request for a hearing must be included in the petition for review.

 If the interpreter requests a hearing in a timely manner, the hearing shall be held within 60 days from the date on which the petition is received by the Court Administrator. The following conditions will apply at the hearing.

     (i)   Legal representation.—The interpreter may be represented by counsel. The interpreter shall be responsible for all of his or her costs and expenses including attorney’s fees.

     (ii)   Pre-hearing discovery.—Pre-hearing discovery shall not be permitted unless expressly authorized by the hearing officer in response to a written request.

     (iii)   Rules of evidence.—Strict rules of evidence shall not apply. The hearing officer may, in his or her discretion, consider any evidence presented, including affidavits, and give such evidence the weight he or she deems appropriate.

     (iv)   Reporting of hearing.—A record of the hearing shall be made.

     (v)   Confidentiality.—Hearings shall be private and confidential, except upon request of the interpreter facing the allegations. Complainants, however, shall be entitled to attend the hearing.

     (vi)   Hearing procedure.—At the hearing, both the ICP Administrator and the interpreter shall be afforded the opportunity to introduce documents and other relevant evidence and to elicit sworn testimony. The hearing officer may, at his or her discretion, call witnesses, and consider or clarify evidence presented, giving such evidence the weight he or she deems appropriate.

 (h)  Decision.—Within 60 days after the hearing, the hearing officer shall advise the interpreter and the complainant via certified United States mail of his or her action on the complaint. If the hearing officer’s action includes sanctions, the hearing officer shall specifically enumerate the sanctions and the reason for such sanctions. If the sanctions include suspension or revocation of the interpreter’s certification or roster status or placing the interpreter in a lower qualification or skill level on the roster, the hearing officer shall specify the conditions and timeframe within which the interpreter may apply for reinstatement of his or her prior certification or roster status and any conditions that must be met.

Source

   The provisions of this §  404 amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (349447) to (349449).

§ 405. Disciplinary Dispositions.

 (a)  Burden of Proof.—If the hearing officer finds that there is clear and convincing evidence that the interpreter has violated the interpreter Rules of Professional Conduct for Judiciary Interpreters, or that there are any other grounds for discipline as stated in §  402 (relating to suspension or revocation of certification and roster status), the hearing officer shall impose such discipline or sanctions as he or she may deem appropriate. In determining the type of sanction, the hearing officer shall consider the nature and seriousness of the violation, any pattern of improper activity, the effect of the improper activity on the court system and/or the complainant, the amount of experience of the interpreter, and any other mitigating or aggravating information presented.

 (b)  Notification.—All decisions of the hearing officer shall be in writing and maintained on file with the ICP and, if adverse to the interpreter, shall contain factual findings supporting the decision. A copy of the decision shall be sent to the interpreter via certified United States Mail to the latest address listed with the ICP and by mail to the complainant.

 (c)  Sanctions.—Sanctions may consist of, but are not limited to, one or more of the following:

     (i)   issuing a private or public reprimand;

     (ii)   requiring that specific remedial education courses be taken;

     (iii)   requiring that one or more portions of the certification examination or the certification requirements be successfully taken or retaken;

     (iv)   requiring that the interpreter’s work be supervised;

     (v)   limiting the scope of practice or services the interpreter can provide;

     (vi)   placing the interpreter at a lower qualification or skill level on the roster;

     (vii)   requiring restitution, costs, or expenses to be paid;

     (viii)   suspension of certification and/or roster status for a period not to exceed one year; or

     (ix)   revocation of certification or roster status.

Source

   The provisions of this §  405 amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (349449).

§ 406. Reinstatement.

 An interpreter whose certification or roster status has been suspended for a period exceeding one year, or whose certification or roster status has been revoked, may not resume work in any area related to legal interpreting within the Unified Judicial System without first applying for reinstatement.

 (a)  Time for filing application for reinstatement.—An interpreter whose certification or roster status has been revoked may not apply for reinstatement until the expiration of at least two years from the effective date of revocation of his or her certification or roster status, or any other specific timeframe established by the revocation decision. An interpreter whose certification or roster status has been suspended may apply for reinstatement no earlier than ninety days before the end of the suspension period. An interpreter whose certification or roster status is suspended or revoked based on disciplinary action imposed by a foreign jurisdiction may apply for reinstatement at any earlier date on which reinstatement may be sought in the jurisdiction of initial discipline.

 (b)  Form and content of the application for reinstatement.—The application for reinstatement shall be in writing and addressed to the ICP Administrator. The application shall explain why the interpreter believes that he or she should be reinstated and shall include proof of compliance with any conditions imposed as a condition for reinstatement.

 (c)  Disposition of the application for reinstatement.—Within 60 days of receiving the application for reinstatement, and after reviewing and analyzing the merits of the case, the ICP Administrator shall make a recommendation to the Court Administrator on whether or not the interpreter should be reinstated. The recommendation should explain the basis for the recommendation. The decision to grant or deny such a request shall be at the sole discretion of the Court Administrator who can impose any additional conditions upon reinstatement as he or she may deem appropriate.

Source

   The provisions of this §  406 amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (349450).

§ 407. Confidentiality.

 (a)  When a disciplinary proceeding is either dismissed or results in a private reprimand, all records of the proceeding shall remain confidential unless otherwise provided for in this chapter. Otherwise, all such records shall become public whenever the decision becomes final.

 (b)  Complaints submitted to the ICP Administrator shall be confidential unless they result in formal disciplinary action.

 (c)  All communications to the Court Administrator, ICP Administrator, hearing officers, attorneys or counsel for the parties and staff, and all testimony given during a hearing pursuant to this disciplinary procedure relating to conduct for which an interpreter could be suspended, have his or her certification revoked, or be otherwise disciplined, shall be privileged.

Source

   The provisions of this §  407 amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (349450) to (349462).

Schedule A
Interpreter Orientation Workshop

   Topics Covered by the Interpreter Orientation Workshop

 1. Interpreting as a Profession.

 2. Description of the Pennsylvania Judicial System.

 3. Rules of Professional Conduct and Professional Development.

 4. Interpreting Skills and Modes of Interpretation.

 5. Preparing for the Written and Oral Examinations.

 Interpreters will also receive training materials, information about resources, legal glossaries, and study tips at the Interpreter Orientation Workshop.

   Faculty for the Interpreter Orientation Workshop

 The Interpreter Orientation workshops will be taught by qualified professional trainers who are either federally, state, Texas Board of Evaluation of Interpreters (BEI), or Register of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID) certified interpreters and possess vast experience in the field of legal interpreting.

Source

   The provisions of this Schedule A amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (349451).

Schedule B
Written Interpreter Certification Examination

   Multiple Choice: questions; passing requirements; time allotted.

 The first part of the written examination consists of 135 multiple-choice questions. In order to pass the multiple-choice part, 80 percent (108 questions) must be answered correctly. Examinees are allotted two hours and fifteen minutes to complete the multiple-choice part of the test.

   Foreign Language Assessment Exercise: questions; passing requirements;  time allotted.

 For the Foreign Language Assessment Exercise, the interpreter must translate ten items from English into the target language. The foreign language assessment will be administered the same day, immediately after the multiple-choice part of the examination, and will be rated on a pass/borderline pass/not pass basis. Examinees will have 1 hour to translate the ten items.

Source

   The provisions of this Schedule B amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial page (349451).

Schedule C
Oral Proficiency Examination

 Content of the Full Oral Proficiency Examination. The full oral proficiency exam consists of three parts: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation, and sight translation. For languages in which there is only an abbreviated exam, one or more of these segments has not yet been developed.

 1. Simultaneous interpreting. The interpreter listens through headphones to a recording of a simulated attorney’s opening or closing statement to a judge or jury, a judge instructing a jury, or the cross-examination of a witness. The interpreter interprets aloud what he or she hears over the headset. This mode of interpreting simulates many situations interpreters encounter in courtrooms while interpreting for defendants during procedural hearings and trials. The statement is approximately 800 to 850 words in length, is recorded at an approximate speed of 120 words per minute, and is about seven minutes long.

 2. Consecutive interpreting. The interpreter interprets English language statements into the foreign language and foreign language responses into English. In consecutive interpreting the interpreter must wait until the speaker finishes the utterance before beginning to deliver the interpretation. This is the appropriate type of interpreting for non-English speaking witnesses, and other question-and-answer situations involving limited English proficient persons. The segments are pre-recorded and the interpreter may ask to have two of the segments repeated.

 3. Sight translation. The interpreter is asked to interpret one document from English into the foreign language and another from the foreign language into English. Each document is approximately 225 words in length and the interpreter is allowed six minutes to interpret each document.

   Languages for which there are Full or Abbreviated Oral Proficiency Exami-  nations.

 1. Full examination: Arabic, Cantonese, Filipino (Tagalog), French, Haitian Creole, Hmong, Khmer, Korean, Mandarin, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Vietnamese

 2. Abbreviated examination: Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian and Turkish

   

 Oral Proficiency Interview and Versant Spoken English test for Languages in Which There is no Full or Abbreviated Oral Proficiency Examination.

 Oral proficiency interviews were developed by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) for evaluating the language communication skills of speakers of foreign languages and are administered by Language Testing International (LTI). There are over 50 languages available and the interpreter must perform at the superior level to pass. The interpreter travels to a location with secure access to a phone line and, after providing a valid picture ID and other verifying information, the interpreter is placed in a room where the interview is administered over the telephone. The results are reported to the Interpreter Certification Program (ICP) and the interpreter.

 Candidates must also pass the Versant Spoken English language test. This test evaluates the spoken English skills of non-native speakers. It is administered in the same manner as the oral proficiency interview. Candidates must travel to a secure location where, after verifying their identity, they take the test online on a computer. The 15-minute test is automated and the candidate’s responses are recorded in six areas: reading, sentence construction, vocabulary, fluency, pronunciation, and overall comprehension. The minimum passing score is 47.

   Administration of Oral Proficiency Examinations.

 1. Full oral proficiency examination. Interpreters in languages for which there is a full oral proficiency exam will first be given the simultaneous part of the examination. After passing the simultaneous part, they will sit for the consecutive and sight portions at a subsequent date. The consecutive and the sight portions of the examination must be completed within one year from the date on which they took and passed the simultaneous portion. Interpreters will be allowed to carry forward the score of any portions they have passed for a maximum of two years. The same version of the examination can be taken a maximum of two times and the examination cannot be repeated more than once in a six-month period.

 2. Abbreviated oral proficiency examination. Interpreters in languages for which only an abbreviated examination exists will be given the simultaneous portion first, if there is one. If no simultaneous part exists, they will take whatever portions are available, either the consecutive part, the sight part, or both. The scores of any portion passed can be carried forward for a maximum of two years. The same version of the examination can be taken a maximum of two times and the examination cannot be repeated more than once in a six-month period.

   Retaking Part of the Oral Proficiency Examination.

 Interpreters who fail the simultaneous part may retake the examination. However, they must wait six months in order to practice and develop their skills before attempting to retake the examination. If after passing the simultaneous part the interpreter fails either the consecutive or the sight portions, they must retake and pass whichever part they failed within one year. This is because interpreters must pass all three parts of the oral proficiency examination within one testing cycle, which consists of two years. The testing cycle requirement is not triggered until the interpreter passes the simultaneous portion.

 Interpreters of languages for which there is only an abbreviated oral proficiency examination must also complete the remaining parts within one testing cycle after passing the simultaneous part, if there is one. If no simultaneous part exists, the interpreter must take whatever parts are available within one testing cycle. The testing cycle requirement is not triggered until the interpreter passes at least one part of the available parts of the oral proficiency examination that are available.

 Register of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID), the Texas Board of Evaluation of Interpreters (BEI), or National Association for the Deaf (NAD) Certificates for Legal Interpretation.

 • Specialist Certificate-Legal (SC-L)

 • Combined Certificate of Interpretation and Transliteration (CI/CT)

 • Comprehensive Skills Certificate (CSC)

 • National Interpreter Certification (NIC)

 • Certified Deaf Interpreter (CDI)

 • Conditional Legal Interpreting Permit-Relay (CLIP-R)

 • Individual CI or CT

 • NAD V Master

 • NAD IV Advanced

 • BEI Court Interpreter Certification

 Interpreters with a Court Interpreter Certification from BEI must comply with all qualifications and requirements for either hearing or deaf candidates listed in BEI Handbook Section 4.2.1 (Qualifications and Requirements for Court Interpreter Certification). See https://www.hhs.texas.gov/.

Source

   The provisions of this Schedule C amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (349451) to (349453).

Schedule D
Interpreter Classification Tables

 1. Interpreters Working in a Foreign Language for Which There is a Full or Abbreviated Oral Proficiency Examination.

CRITERIA
CLASSIFICATION
Certified		Otherwise Qualified
Master	Certified	Qualified	Conditional
Written Exam	85% or higher	80% or higher	80% or higher	80% or higher
Simultaneous	85% or higher	70% or higher	60% or higher	50% or higher
Consecutive	85% or higher	70% or higher	60% or higher	50% or higher

CRITERIA
CLASSIFICATION
Certified		Otherwise Qualified
Master	Certified	Qualified	Conditional
Sight (Eng./FL)	85% or higher average but no lower than 80% in each part	70% or higher average but no lower than 65% in each part	60% or higher average but no lower than 55% in each part	50% or higher
Sight (FL/Eng.)	85% or higher average but no lower than 80% in each part	70% or higher average but no lower than 65% in each part	60% or higher average but no lower than 55% in each part	50% or higher

 2. Interpreters Working in a Foreign Language for Which There is no Full or Abbreviated Oral Proficiency Examination.

CRITERIA
CLASSIFICATION
Otherwise Qualified
Registered	Conditional
Written Exam	80% or higher	80% or higher
Oral Proficiency Interview	Superior Level	No Oral Proficiency Interview available
English Oral Proficiency Test	Versant English Test Passing score 47	Versant English Test Passing score 47
Other	Pass oral proficiency test in their language when available	Pass oral proficiency test in their language when available

 3. Sign Language Interpreters and Interpreters for the Deaf.

CRITERIA
CLASSIFICATION
Certified		Otherwise Qualified
Master	Certified	Qualified	Registered
Written Exam	85% or higher	80% or higher	80% or higher	80% or higher
RID Certification	SC/L	CI/CT, CDI, CLIP-R, CSC, NIC	CI or CT, or any other relevant	Any other relevant RID certificate
BEI Certification	BEI Court Interpreter Certification	N/A	N/A	N/A

CRITERIA
CLASSIFICATION
Certified		Otherwise Qualified
Master	Certified	Qualified	Conditional
NAD Certification	None	NAD V	NAD IV	Any other relevant NAD certificate
Register with ODHH	Yes	Yes	Yes	Only if holding a RID certificate
Attempt to obtain relevant legal certificate	Not applicable	As necessary	As necessary	As necessary
Provide evidence of certification	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Source

   The provisions of this Schedule D amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (349454) to (349455).

Schedule E
Interpreter Certification Program Fees

EVENT	APPLIES TO	IN-STATE	OUT-OF-STATE
Registration	All interpreters	No charge	No charge
Orientation Workshop	All interpreters	$150	$175
Written Examination	All interpreters (except those qualifying for reciprocity)	$50	$75
Language Assessment Exercise Retakes	Interpreters in languages with a full or abbreviated NCSC test	$25	$25
Oral Exam—Simultaneous	Interpreters in languages with a full or abbreviated NCSC test (except those who qualify for reciprocity)	$100	$125
Oral Exam—Consecutive  and Sight	Interpreters in languages with a full or abbreviated NCSC test (except those who qualify for reciprocity)	$150	$175
Oral Exam—Full test	Interpreters in languages with a full NCSC test (except those who qualify for reciprocity)	$250	$300
Oral Exams Retakes— Any one part	Interpreters in languages with a full or abbreviated NCSC test (except those who qualify for reciprocity)	$100	$125
Oral Exams Retakes— Any two parts	Interpreters in languages with a full or abbreviated NCSC test (except those who qualify for reciprocity)	$150	$175
Oral Proficiency Interview	Interpreters in languages for which there is no NCSC full or abbreviated oral exam	$139*	$139*
Versant English Test	Interpreters in languages for which there is no NCSC full or abbreviated oral exam	$32.95*	$32.95*
Registration of RID, BEI or NAD certifications	Sign language interpreters only	$25	$25
Background check	All interpreters	No charge	No charge
Registration of out-of-state  certification	Interpreters applying for reciprocity	$25	$25
Renewal of certification  (every two years)	All interpreters	$25	$25

 * Fees subject to change based on the agency administering the exam.

Source

   The provisions of this Schedule E amended November 22. 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (349455) to (349456).

Schedule F
Pennsylvania Rules of Professional Conduct for
Judiciary Interpreters

   Legal Authority

 In accordance with Act 172 of 2006 (42 Pa.C.S. § §  4411(e) and 4431(e)), the Court Administrator of Pennsylvania hereby establishes these Rules of Professional Conduct for Judiciary Interpreters in the Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania.

   Preamble

 Many persons who come before the courts are partially or completely excluded from full participation in the proceedings due to limited English proficiency (LEP) or because they are speach impaired or have a hearing loss. It is the Court’s intention to remove this communication barrier in order to provide equal access and due process so that these persons are placed in the same position as similarly situated persons for whom there is no such impediment. As officers of the court, interpreters help assure that such persons may enjoy equal access to justice and that court proceedings and court support services function efficiently and effectively. Interpreters are highly skilled professionals who fulfill an essential role in the administration of justice. In their capacity as officers of the court, court interpreters are bound by rules of professional conduct.

   Applicability and Enforcement

 These rules shall guide and be binding upon all persons, agencies and organizations who administer, supervise, deliver, or attempt to become certified to deliver, interpreting services to the Judiciary. It shall govern the conduct of persons who are employed, under contract or otherwise appointed by the Judiciary to interpret, transliterate, or deliver foreign and sign language interpreting services to the judicial system. This shall include persons who offer their services free of charge or on a volunteer basis.

 Violations of these rules may result in the interpreter being removed from a case, being suspended, being denied future appointments by the courts, losing certification if the interpreter has been certified pursuant to Act 172 and the Administrative Regulations Governing Languare Access for Persons with Limited English Proficiency and for Persons who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing or any other sanctions deemed appropriate by the Court Administrator of Pennsylvania. The Court Administrator is authorized to adopt policies and procedures necessary to enforce these rules.

   RULE 1: REPRESENTATION OF QUALIFICATIONS.

 Interpreters shall accurately and completely represent their certifications, training, and pertinent experience.

Comment

   Acceptance of a case by an interpreter conveys linguistic competency in legal settings. Withdrawing or being asked to withdraw from a case after it begins causes a disruption of court proceedings and is wasteful of scarce public resources. It is therefore essential that interpreters present a complete and truthful account of their certification, training and experience prior to appointment so the officers of the court can fairly evaluate their qualifications for delivering interpreting services.

   RULE 2: ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS.

 Interpreters shall render a complete and accurate interpretation or sight translation, without altering, omitting, or adding anything to what is stated or written, and without embellishment or explanation.

Comment

   The interpreter has a twofold duty: (1) to ensure that the proceedings in English reflect precisely what was said by the LEP, speech impaired, or hard of hearing person; and (2) to place the LEP, speech impaired, or hard of hearing person on an equal footing with those who understand English. This creates an obligation to conserve every element of information contained in a source language communication when it is rendered in the target language.

   Therefore, interpreters are obligated to apply their best skills and judgment to preserve faithfully the meaning of what is said in court, including the style and register of speech. Verbatim or literal oral interpretations are not appropriate when they distort the meaning of the source language, but every spoken statement, even if it appears non-responsive, obscene, rambling, or incoherent should be interpreted. This includes apparent misstatements.

   Interpreters should never interject their own words, phrases, or expressions. They should convey the emotional emphasis of the speaker without reenacting or mimicking the speaker’s emotions or dramatic gestures.

   Sign language interpreters, however, must employ all of the visual cues that the language they are interpreting for requires, including facial expressions, body language and hand gestures. Sign language interpreters, therefore, should ensure that court participants do not confuse these essential elements of the interpreted language with inappropriate interpreter conduct.

   The obligation to preserve accuracy includes the interpreter’s duty to correct any error of interpretation discovered by the interpreter during the proceeding. Interpreters should also demonstrate their professionalism by objectively analyzing any challenge to their performance.

   RULE 3: IMPARTIALITY AND AVOIDANCE OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST.

 Interpreters shall be impartial and unbiased and shall refrain from conduct that may give an appearance of bias or favoritism. Interpreters shall disclose any real or perceived conflict of interest.

Comment

   Interpreters serve as officers of the court and their main duty in court proceedings is to serve the court. This is true regardless of whether the interpreter is publicly retained at government expense or retained privately at the expense of one of the parties.

   Interpreters should avoid any conduct or behavior that presents the appearance of favoritism toward any of the parties. Interpreters should maintain professional relationships with their clients and should not take an active part in any of the proceedings. The interpreter should discourage an LEP or speech impaired person or person with hearing loss’s personal dependence on the interpreter.

   During the course of the proceedings, interpreters should not converse with parties, witnesses, jurors, attorneys, or friends or relatives of any party, except in the discharge of their official functions. It is especially important that interpreters, who are often familiar with attorneys, courtroom staff, and law enforcement officers, refrain from casual and personal conversations with anyone in court that may convey an appearance of a special relationship or partiality to any of the court participants.

   The interpreter should strive for professional detachment. Verbal and non-verbal displays of personal attitudes, prejudices, emotions, or opinions should be avoided at all times.

   Should the interpreter become aware that a proceeding participant views the interpreter as having a bias or being biased, the interpreter should disclose that knowledge to the appropriate judicial authority and counsel.

   Any condition that interferes with the objectivity of an interpreter constitutes a conflict of interest. Before providing professional services in a matter, interpreters must disclose to all parties any prior involvement, whether personal or professional, that could be reasonably construed as a conflict of interest. This disclosure should not include privileged or confidential information. The following circumstances are presumed to create actual or apparent conflicts of interest for interpreters and should preclude them from serving in any proceeding in which:

   1. they are a friend, associate, or relative of a party or counsel for a party involved in the proceedings;

   2. they or their spouse, child, or relative is a party to the proceeding or have a financial interest or any other interest that would be affected by the outcome of the proceeding;

   3. they have been previously retained by a law enforcement agency to assist in the preparation of the criminal case at issue or have served in an investigative capacity for any party involved in the case; and

   4. they have been involved in the choice of counsel or law firm for that case.

   Interpreters should also disclose to the court and other parties when they have previously been retained for private employment by one of the parties in the case and should not serve in any matter in which payment for their services is contingent upon the outcome of the case.

   An interpreter who is also an attorney should not serve in both capacities in the same matter. Similarly, attorneys, probation officers, investigators, police officers, sheriffs, therapists, social workers, advocates, and other professionals should not interpret in any judicial proceeding or any court support service in which they are professionally involved with a party to the matter.

   RULE 4: PROFESSIONAL DEMEANOR.

 Interpreters shall conduct themselves in a manner consistent with the dignity of the court and shall be as unobtrusive as possible.

Comment

   Interpreters should know and observe established protocols, rules, and procedures for delivering interpreting services. They should speak at a rate and volume that enables them to be heard and understood throughout the courtroom, but their presence should otherwise be as unobtrusive as possible. They should not draw undue or inappropriate attention to themselves and should dress in a manner that is consistent with the dignity of the proceedings and the court. Interpreters are encouraged to avoid personal or professional conduct that could discredit or be embarrassing to the court.

   RULE 5: CONFIDENTIALITY.

 Interpreters shall protect the confidentiality of all privileged and other confidential information.

Comment

   Interpreters must protect and uphold the confidentiality of all privileged information obtained during the discharge of their duties. Privileged information refers to confidential information that is protected from disclosure by law or statute, as listed in 42 Pa.C.S. § §  4415 and 4436 and §  103 of these Regulations. They must be familiar with and understand the rules applicable to the handling of privileged and confidential information. It is especially important that interpreters understand and uphold the attorney-client privilege, which requires confidentiality with respect to any communication between attorney and client. Interpreters must also refrain from repeating or disclosing information obtained in the course of their employment that may be relevant to the legal proceeding.

   In the event that an interpreter becomes aware of information that suggests imminent harm to someone or relates to a crime being committed during the course of the proceedings, the interpreter should immediately disclose the information to an appropriate authority within the judiciary who is not a party in the proceeding and seek advice in regard to the potential conflict in professional responsibility.

   RULE 6: RESTRICTION FROM PUBLIC COMMENT.

 Interpreters shall not publicly discuss, report or offer an opinion concerning a matter in which they are or have been engaged, even when that information is not privileged or required by law to be confidential.

Comment

   Even when communications are not privileged, interpreters should be mindful not to discuss a case while it is pending. An exemption to this rule would be if the interpreter is called upon to testify as a language expert. In such instances the interpreter should limit his or her opinion to strict matters of linguistic expertise, such as the meaning and usage of specific words or culturally bound terms. When called upon to testify in court, the interpreter should request a ruling by the court upon the propriety of testimony on confidential matters. Also, if a disciplinary complaint or lawsuit arising out of interpretation services is filed against an interpreter, he or she may testify about relevant communications.

   RULE 7: SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF PRACTICE.

 Interpreters shall limit themselves to interpreting, transliterating or sight translating and shall not give legal advice, express personal opinions to individuals for whom they are interpreting, or engage in any other activities which may be construed to constitute a service other than interpreting, transliterating or sight translating while serving as an interpreter.

Comment

   Since interpreters are responsible only for enabling others to communicate, they should limit themselves to the activity of interpreting, transliterating or sight translating only. They should not take a primary role in such communications and may take a secondary role only as necessary for assuring an accurate and faithful interpretation, transliteration or sight translation.

   Interpreters may assume a secondary role when they find it necessary to speak directly to the court to seek assistance in performing their duties, e.g., requesting that speakers moderate their rate of communication or repeat or rephrase a statement, correcting an interpreting error, or notifying the court of their reservations about their ability to satisfy an assignment competently.

   Interpreters should avoid activities that may be reasonably construed to constitute the practicing of law, e.g., giving legal advice or answering parties’ questions that would ordinarily be answered by an attorney. An interpreter may convey legal advice from an attorney to a person only while the attorney giving it is present.

   Interpreters should not explain the purpose of forms and services or otherwise act as counselors, advisors or advocates unless they are interpreting for someone who is acting in that official capacity. The interpreter may sight translate language on a form for a person who is filling out the form, but may not explain the form or its purpose for such a person.

   Interpreters should not personally serve to perform official acts that are the official responsibility of other court officials including, but not limited to, court clerks, pretrial release investigators, interviewers, probation officers, hearing officers, or counselors.

   RULE 8: ASSESSING AND REPORTING IMPEDIMENTS TO PERFORMANCE.

 Interpreters shall assess at all times their ability to deliver their services. When interpreters have any reservation about their ability to satisfy an assignment competently, they shall immediately convey that reservation to the court or other appropriate judicial authority.

Comment

   Interpreters should immediately notify the court if the communication mode or language of the LEP person cannot be readily interpreted or if the interpreter’s language of expertise does not match that of the LEP person. They should also notify the court of any environmental or physical limitation that impedes or hinders their ability to deliver interpreting services adequately (e.g., too much noise in the courtroom, inability to hear the speaker or be heard by the LEP person, more than one person speaking at a time, or principals and witnesses speaking at a high rate of speed).

   Sign language interpreters must ensure that they can both see and convey the full range of visual language elements necessary for communication, including facial expressions and body movement, as well as hand gestures.

   Interpreters should inform the presiding officer of the need to take periodic breaks in order to maintain mental and physical alertness and prevent interpreter fatigue. They should also recommend and encourage the use of team interpreting whenever necessary.

   Interpreters should refrain from accepting a case if they feel the language and subject matter is likely to exceed their skills or capacities. Even competent and experienced interpreters may encounter cases in which routine proceedings suddenly involve technical or specialized terminology unfamiliar to them. Interpreters should feel no compunction about notifying the presiding officer if they feel unable to perform competently, due to lack of familiarity with terminology, preparation, or difficulty in understanding a witness or defendant.

   Finally, interpreters should notify the court of any personal bias they may have involving any aspect of the proceedings which may prevent them from performing their duties according to these rules. For example, an interpreter who has been the victim of a sexual assault may wish to be excused from interpreting in cases involving similar offenses.

   RULE 9: DUTY TO REPORT ETHICAL VIOLATIONS.

 Interpreters shall report to the proper judicial authority any effort to impede their compliance with any law, any provision of these rules, or any other official policy governing court interpreting and legal translating.

Comment

   Because users of interpreting services frequently misunderstand the proper role of the interpreter, they may ask or expect the interpreter to perform duties or engage in activities that run counter to the provisions of these rules or other laws, regulations, or policies governing court interpreting. It is incumbent upon the interpreter to inform such persons of the interpreter’s professional obligations. If after having been apprised of these obligations, the person persists in demanding that the interpreter violate them, the interpreter should inform a supervisor, the judge, the court, or another official with jurisdiction over interpreter matters to resolve the situation. Interpreters should report any solicitation or effort by another to induce or encourage them to violate any law, any provision of these rules, or any other standard governing interpreting, transliteration or sight translating promulgated by the Judiciary.

   RULE 10: ACCEPTANCE OF COMPENSATION.

 Interpreters shall accept no remuneration, gifts, gratuities, or any other valuable consideration in excess of their authorized compensation in the performance of their official interpreting duties.

Comment

   Interpreters should never accept any type of gifts, payment, or compensation other than their due payment for services rendered. They should reject any offers of favors, presents, tips (monetary or otherwise), or other acknowledgement as a ‘‘thank you’’ for services rendered. Neither should they accept invitations to events where their presence, admission, or participation can be construed as remuneration for professional services or assistance rendered in the course of the discharge of their duties. Interpreters should never be perceived as taking advantage of knowledge or information obtained in the performance of their official duties, or by their access to court records, facilities, or privileges, for their own or another’s personal gain.

   RULE 11: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

 Interpreters shall continually improve their skills and knowledge and advance the profession through activities such as professional training and education, and interaction with colleagues and specialists in related fields.

Comment

   Interpreters must continually strive to increase their knowledge of the languages they work professionally, including past and current trends in technical, vernacular and regional terminology, as well as their application within court proceedings. They should also keep abreast of all statutes, rules of court, and policies of the judiciary that relate to the performance of their professional duties.

   An interpreter should seek to continually elevate the standards of the profession through participation in workshops, professional meetings, interaction with colleagues, and reading current literature in the field.

   RULE 12: AGREEMENT TO ABIDE BY THESE RULES.

 Interpreters and transliterators working for the Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania accept and agree to be bound by these rules, and understand that appropriate sanctions may be imposed by the ICP Administrator, hearing officer, or Court Administrator for willful violations.

Comment

   Upon completion of all certification requirements, interpreters shall be sworn in and issued a certificate attesting that they have successfully completed all program requirements. At the same time they will be asked to sign a copy of these rules of conduct which will then be placed in their permanent file. They will also receive a copy of the program’s disciplinary policy.

Source

   The provisions of this Schedule F amended November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (349456) to (349462).

Schedule G
Interpreting Fee Schedule

 Pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. §  4411(d) and §  4431(d), the Court Administrator establishes the following reasonable fee schedule for onsite, video, and telephonic interpreting services rendered by certified and otherwise qualified interpreters in judicial proceedings and other court services. These fees apply to both foreign and sign language interpretation.

 The compensation schedule is subject to periodic review by the Court Administrator.

Onsite, Video, and Telephonic Interpreting Fee Schedule

Interpreter Classification		Hourly up to 3.5 Hours		Half & Full Day
Hourly (2 hr. min.)	30 Minutes Increments (1/2 hourly rate)	Half Day (3.5 hrs.)	Full Day (7 hrs.)
Master	$80	$40	$260	$475
Certified	$65	$32.50	$210	$400
Qualified	$45	$22.50	$140	$270
Conditional	$35	$17.50	$105	$200
Registered	$60	$30	$200	$390
Rare or uncommon languages and interpreters from resource lists provided by the ICP	Interpreters in this category will be compensated based on their qualifications, experience, type of case, and language within the parameters of the compensation schedule and the guidelines. Note: Rare or uncommon languages are languages of low diffusion not listed in the ICP Roster.

 A. Onsite Interpreting Provisions

   1. Assignments. An assignment is the contracted timeframe for which the interpreter is retained regardless of the number of cases scheduled within that timeframe. For example, when interpreters are assigned to several cases at various courts in the same judicial district/county which are scheduled sequentially on the same day, that constitutes an assignment, and compensation will be based on the total time worked in that district that day. The two (2) hour minimum applies per assignment, not on a per case basis. A half-day consists of three and a half (3.5) hours, and a full day consists of seven (7) hours.

   2. Cancellation. Cancellations are based on business days and exclude weekends and holidays.

     i. Interpreters who receive at least forty-eight (48) hours’ advance notice of a cancellation, excluding weekends and holidays, are not entitled to a cancellation fee.

     ii. Hourly, half, and one day assignments. If cancellation occurs with less than forty-eight (48) hours’ notice provided to the interpreter, excluding weekends and holidays, the cancellation fee shall be equivalent to two (2) hours’ pay based on the hourly rate and interpreter classification.

     iii. Multiple day assignments. When the interpreter is hired for an assignment lasting two (2) or more days, if cancellation occurs with less than forty-eight (48) hours’ notice provided to the interpreter, excluding weekends and holidays, the cancellation fee shall be equivalent to one (1) full day compensation for the first day and two (2) hours for each additional day based on interpreter classification. If a case ends before the contracted time (e.g., an interpreter is retained for a three (3) day trial, but the case settles after the first day), an interpreter will be entitled to two (2) hours pay for each canceled day.

     iv. Interpreters will be entitled to reimbursement of any incurred expenses in accordance with Section 4.

     v. When the interpreter cancels an assignment, there will be no compensation.

   3. Compensation, time extensions, and overtime.

     i. Minimum compensation. When hired at an hourly rate, interpreters are entitled to a two (2) hour minimum guaranteed compensation per assignment based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

     ii. Hourly Rate. The first two hours are paid according to the table above. After the second hour, compensation will be paid at half (1/2) the hourly rate in thirty (30) minute increments based on the interpreter credentialing level. Judicial districts are strongly encouraged to consider hiring at the half- or full-day rate when assignments are expected to go over two (2) hours and when hiring for more than one case.

     iii. Half-day rate. The first three and a half (3.5) hours are paid according to the table above. Assignments that exceed three and a half (3.5) hours but are less than seven (7) hours long will be paid at half (1/2) the hourly rate in thirty (30) minute increments based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

     iv. Full-day rate. A full-day rate consists of seven (7) hours paid according to the table above.

     v. Overtime. Overtime will be paid only when an assignment exceeds a full day (7 hours). Overtime compensation will be in hourly increments at one and a half (1.5) times the hourly rate based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

     vi. Assignments outside normal business hours (5 pm to 8 am). Assignments that occur outside of normal business hours will be paid at one and a half (1.5) times the hourly rate based on the interpreter’s credentialing level. A two (2) hour minimum will apply. Additional time will be paid at one and a half (1.5) times the hourly rate in thirty (30) minute increments based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

   4. Mileage, parking, tolls, and travel.

     i. Mileage will be paid at the prevailing rate in the county or court whenever the interpreter travels more than twenty-five (25) miles round trip to an assignment. If no mileage rate is set locally, mileage will be paid at the prevailing Internal Revenue Service rate. Tolls will be reimbursed with proof of payment (e.g., detailed bills evidencing payment, receipts, and/or canceled checks).

     ii. Parking will be paid in full when no free parking exists within a five (5)-block radius of the assignment location. Parking will not be paid when free parking is provided.

     iii. Travel time will be paid when the interpreter travels more than two (2) hours round trip from the interpreter’s normal business address or location to an assignment. Travel time will be paid at half (1/2) the hourly compensation rate for the interpreter’s classification.

     iv. Travel by public transportation. If travel by bus, train, or plane is required, the interpreter is entitled to full reimbursement of travel costs. Courts are encouraged to make the necessary travel arrangements.

     v. Overnight accommodations. If overnight hotel accommodations are required for the completion of an assignment, this expense is reimbursable to the interpreter. Courts are encouraged to make the necessary reservations themselves at a local hotel close to the assignment location. The interpreter is also entitled to a per diem for overnight assignments based on the prevailing federal CONUS rates.

     vi. Proof of payment (e.g., detailed bills evidencing payment, receipts, and/or canceled checks) must accompany all requests for reimbursement.

   5. Interpreting Equipment. Interpreters are not allowed to charge for the use of their own interpreting equipment. Courts are encouraged to purchase interpreting equipment and make it available to interpreters.

 B. Video and Telephonic Interpreting Provisions

   1. Assignments. An assignment is the contracted timeframe for which the interpreter is retained regardless of the number of cases scheduled within that timeframe. For example, when interpreters are assigned to several cases at various courts in the same judicial district/county which are scheduled sequentially on the same day, that constitutes an assignment, and compensation will be based on the total time worked in that district that day. The two (2) hour minimum applies per assignment, not on a per case basis.

   2. Cancellation. Cancellations are based on business days and exclude weekends and holidays.

     i. Interpreters who receive at least forty-eight (48) hours’ advance notice of a cancellation, excluding weekends and holidays, are not entitled to a cancellation fee.

     ii. Hourly assignments. If cancellation occurs with less than forty-eight (48) hours’ notice, excluding weekends and holidays, the cancellation fee shall be equivalent to two (2) hours’ pay based on the hourly rate and interpreter classification.

     iii. Half- and full-day assignments. If cancellation occurs with less than forty-eight (48) hours’ notice, excluding weekends and holidays, the cancellation fee shall be equivalent to two (2) hours’ pay based on the hourly rate and interpreter classification.

     iv. When the interpreter cancels an assignment, there will be no compensation.

   3. Compensation, time extensions, and overtime.

     i. Start time. The time at which the interpreter begins to receive payment for services rendered is when the interpreter connects remotely to the courtroom or is asked to be available, not the time when the proceeding actually begins (e.g., start time in the hearing notice), or when the judge takes the bench.

     ii. Minimum compensation. When hired at an hourly rate, interpreters are entitled to a two (2) hour minimum guaranteed compensation per assignment based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

     iii. Hourly rate. The first two hours are paid according to the table above. After the first two hours, compensation will be paid in thirty (30) minute increments at one-half (1/2) the hourly rate for the next one and a half (1.5) hours based on the interpreter’s credentialing level. Judicial districts are strongly encouraged to consider hiring at the half- or full-day rate when assignments are expected to go over two (2) hours and when hiring for more than one case.

     iv. Half-day rate. The first three and a half (3.5) hours are paid according to the table above. Assignments that exceed three and a half (3.5) hours but are less than seven (7) hours long will be paid at half (1/2) the hourly rate in thirty (30) minute increments based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

     v. Full-day rate. A full-day rate consists of seven (7) hours paid according to the table above.

     vi. Overtime. Overtime will be paid only when an assignment exceeds a full day (7 hours). Overtime compensation will be in hourly increments, at one and a half (1.5) times the hourly rate based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

     vii. Remote assignments outside normal business hours (5 pm to 8 am). Remote assignments outside of normal business hours via video or phone will be paid at one and a half (1.5) times the hourly rate based on the interpreter’s credentialing level. A two (2) hour minimum will apply. Additional time will be paid at one and a half (1.5) times the hourly rate in thirty (30) minute increments based on the interpreter’s credentialing level.

 4. Time commitment.

     i. Interpreters should be notified about the expected length of the assignment by the court (i.e., by the language access coordinator or assignment clerk) when contracted. This will be based on the best estimate available to the court at the time of hiring.

     ii. Interpreters must remain available for the duration of the contracted time, including the first two hours when hired at the hourly rate unless they are released by the court prior to the expiration of their contracted time. When a case lasts less than two hours, interpreters must check with the language access coordinator or assignment clerk to see if they are needed elsewhere before being released.

     iii. As a best practice, interpreters should allow at least thirty (30) minutes between cases when contracting to provide services remotely unless cases are scheduled sequentially in the same judicial district. This allows for a smooth transition between assignments.

     iv. When reporting for a remote assignment, the interpreter must always advise the court if they have another matter scheduled after the expected time commitment they agreed to when hired for the case.

     v. Under no circumstances will the interpreter leave an ongoing matter due to a scheduled conflict with an upcoming assignment without the consent of the presiding judicial officer. The interpreter must alert the presiding judicial officer of any possibility of a scheduling conflict and wait for the court to conclude the matter before withdrawing from the call. If necessary, the interpreter should be given an opportunity to inform their client for the next assignment that they are delayed.

     vi. Any interpreter who intentionally leaves a video or telephonic assignment before the expiration of the agreed length of time for which the interpreter was contracted, without the consent of the presiding judicial officer, will not be compensated for any time worked on the case.

   5. Equipment considerations.

     i. The interpreter shall have the necessary equipment, hardware, software, and internet broadband connection, to provide effective video and telephone interpretation and will maintain such equipment in proper working order. The equipment must be compatible with the various platforms and solutions used by judicial districts. The use of an Ethernet connection, headphones, and microphones for providing video remote interpretation is preferred and considered a best practice.

     ii. A fast and secure wired connection is preferred for providing telephonic interpretation during both court proceedings and conference calls and when using a separate line to provide simultaneous interpretation during video calls. This is due to security and privacy concerns and to the unreliability and vulnerability of mobile devices and wireless signals. If a mobile wireless device is used, the interpreter must make sure they are in a location with a strong signal and are working within a secure network.

     iii. Interpretation should be provided from a quiet location free of noise and distraction, preferably from a designated space in the interpreter’s office or home. It is considered best practice to use neutral background and noise cancellation headphones. Video remote interpretation (VRI) should never be done from a vehicle or while driving.

     iv. Interpretation should not be done over speakerphone when the interpreter is in a location that does not provide privacy and a quiet, secure environment.

     v. Interpreters are not allowed to charge for the use of their own interpreting equipment.

Source

   The provisions of this Schedule G added November 22, 2021, effective January 1, 2022, 51 Pa.B. 7415.

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